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Test Bank Team. Search this site. Horngren, Walter T. Harrison, Jr. Johnston, Carol A. Transcript includes course name, course number, credit hours, semester, year, and grade for each course completed by the student. Name, c.
CourseName, c. CourseNumber, c. CreditHours, t. Semester, t. Year, g. StudentNumber AND g. SectionIdentifier AND t.
Name, s. The database design on which Figures Q4. Write the ten cardinalities that are appropriate for this ERD. The cardinalities are indicated in Figure Q4. Write the business rules reflected in this ERD.
In this ERD, the order environment apparently reflects a wholesale environment. Discussion: Although a given item — such as a hammer — may be found in many orders, a specific hammer sold to a specific store is found in only one order. Also, note that each order line may indicate more than one of a specific item. Discussion: A new store may not yet have any employees, yet the database may already include the new store information … location, type, and so on.
Discussion: It makes no sense to keep track of dependents of people who are not even employees. Use proper terminology in your answer.
The composite entity must at least include the primary keys of the entities it references. The combination of these attributes may be designated to be the composite entity's composite primary key. Each of the composite primary key's attributes is a foreign key that references the entities for which the composite entity serves as a bridge.
As you discuss the model in Figure Q4. The local city youth league needs a database system to help track children that sign up to play soccer.
Data needs to be kept on each team and the children that will be playing on each team and their parents. Also, data needs to be kept on the coaches for each team.
Draw the data model described below. Entities required: Team, Player, Coach, and Parent. This is a great exercise in that it opens up possibilities for several discussion points. This is necessary so that foreign keys can be appropriately placed throughout the data model. What if teams have more than one color as is implied by the plural "colors" being used by the business users?
For example, they will never be interested to know how many teams have the color Blue as one of their team colors, then we may choose to implement the design as given above. However, if the users are interested, or foresee the possibility that at some time in the future they may become interested, in addressing the different colors for a given team individually, then we must modify the above design to accommodate this need.
If we determine that all teams have the same number of colors, and no team now or in the future will ever have more than that number of colors, then we may modify the design by adding additional attributes in the TEAM entity.
For example, if all teams, now and forever, will always have exactly two team colors then we may produce the design shown in Figure Q4. A problem arises, however, if we cannot rely on that assurance. If some teams have fewer colors, then our design will lead to an increased number of nulls. If a team ever has more than two colors, we will have to modify the structure of the database after it has been built to add another team color attribute.
This change in structure may require changes in the front-end applications so that they can properly address this new attribute. To avoid these potentially serious modifications in the future, we can re-design the database with a more robust structure that can handle any number of team colors without future modifications to the database or the front-end applications.
Write all appropriate connectivities and cardinalities in the ERD. A department employs many employees, but each employee is employed by one department. A division operates many departments, but each department is operated by one division. An employee may be assigned many projects, and a project may have many employees assigned to it. A project must have at least one employee assigned to it. One of the employees manages each department, and each department is managed by only one employee.
One of the employees runs each division, and each division is run by only one employee. Figure P4. This decision makes sense from a practical perspective, because it lets you create a new project record without having to create a new assignment record. If a new project is started, there will not yet be any assignments. This latter relationship is shown as mandatory in the ERD. That is, each department must be managed by an employee! If you use some other CASE tool, you will discover that it, too, is likely to require similar relationship specifications.
Hot Water HW is a small start-up company that sells spas. HW does not carry any stock. A few spas are set up in a simple warehouse so customers can see some of the models available, but any products sold must be ordered at the time of the sale. The company name, address, area code, phone number, and account number are kept in the system for every manufacturer. Each city in the county has one team as its representative.
Each team has a maximum of 12 players and a minimum of 9 players. Each team also has up to three coaches offensive, defensive, and physical training coaches. During the season, each team plays two games home and visitor against each of the other teams. Given those conditions, do the following: a.
Identify the connectivity of each relationship. Identify the cardinality between teams and players and between teams and city. Identify the dependency between coach and team and between team and player. We have created only a few records to show the results for games 1 and 2 played by teams named Bears, Rattlers, Sharks, and Tigers, respectively.
Given the use of these synonyms, the GAME entity also becomes very cumbersome structurally as you decide to track more game data.
For example, if you wanted to keep track of runs, hits, and errors, you would have to have one set of each for each of the two teams — all in the same record. Players, coaches, and spectators ought to know where in Nashville the game is played.
Although this capability was not required by the problem description — each city only fields one team at this point — is very likely that additional teams will be organized in the future. Good design first ensures that current requirements are met.
This design does that. But good design also anticipates the reasonably expected changing dynamics of the database environment. This revised design does that, too. Additional flexibility is gained by the use of the GAME entity.
A referee may referee many games and many referees referee each game. After all, mere games hardly seem to merit this level of database design attention. Actually, there is the proverbial method in the madness. The basketball — or any other game environment -- is likely to be familiar to your students.
Therefore, it becomes easier for you to show the design and implementation of recursive relationships — which are actually rather complex things.
Fortunately, even complex design issues become manageable in a familiar data environment. Recursive relationships are common enough — or should be — to merit attention and the development of expertise in their implementation. In many manufacturing industries, incredibly detailed part tracking is mandatory. Such businesses are required by federal law to maintain absolute parts tracing records.
Each sales representative can write many invoices, but each invoice is written by a single sales representative. However, each customer can have many invoices. Make sure that your ERD reflects the conditions you require. Finally, make sure that you include the attributes that would permit the model to be successfully implemented. For example, if customers are supplied via a commercial customer list, many of the customers on that list will not yet!
We are assuming here that many vendors can supply a product and that each vendor can supply many products. You may also want to show the students how the composite entities may be represented at the final implementation level. The modified ER diagram is shown next. The point of this exercise is that the design's final iteration depends on the exact nature of the business rules and the desired level of implementation detail. Hint: Some of the following sentences identify the volume of data rather than cardinalities.
Can you tell which ones? The HEG has 12 instructors and can handle up to 30 trainees per class. HEG offers five Advanced Technology courses, each of which may generate several classes. If a class has fewer than ten trainees, it will be canceled. Therefore, it is possible for a course not to generate any classes. Each class is taught by one instructor. Each instructor may teach up to two classes or may be assigned to do research only. Each trainee may take up to two classes per year.
Given that information, do the following: a. Define all of the entities and relationships. Use Table 4. Table P4. Remember a point we made earlier: when in doubt, assume an optional relationship.
Some courses may be taught every other period or during some other specified time frames. The class must cover designated course material! This optionality makes sense from an implementation point of view, too. For example, if you appoint a new instructor, that instructor will not — yet — have taught a class.
In any case, optional relationships may be used for operational reasons, whether or not they are directly derived from a business rule. When in doubt, ask the end users! Describe the relationship between instructor and class in terms of connectivity, cardinality, and existence-dependence. Both questions a and b have been addressed in the ER diagram shown in Figure P4. These relationships are all reflected in the ER diagram shown in Figure P4.
Some may take "on the job training. For example, an instructor may be assigned to duties other than training. Instead, they represent additional information concerning the volume of data number of entities in an entity set , rather than information concerning entity relationships.
Because the HEG description in Problem 4 leaves room for different interpretations of optional vs. Was the basic nature of the relationship — , 1:M, or M:N — selected and displayed properly? Online lab manual are available only for chapters 1 to 8. File Specification for Solution Manual for 7th edition. There is one PDF file for each of problems. File Specification for Solution Manual for 5th edition.
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